A nanometer is equivalent to one-billionth of a regular meter, meaning that device structures on this scale are extremely small. Nanoscience and nanotechnology may be able to create many new materials and devices with a vast range of applications, such as in physics, chemistry, medicine, electronics, biomaterials, and energy production, as well as other commercial uses. We have been developed fundamental scientific technology and have achieved recent breakthroughs concerning both the basic science and real-world applications of materials and devices with nanotechnology.